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  SESSION LAYER IN OSI MODEL : The session layer (layer 5) is responsible for establishing, managing, synchronizing and terminating sessions between end-user application processes. The main functions of the session layer are as follows − It works as a dialog controller. It allows the systems to communicate in either half-duplex or full-duplex mode of communication. It is responsible for token management. Through this, it prevents the two users to simultaneously attempt the same critical operation. It synchronizes communication. It adds synchronization points or checkpoints in data streams for long communications. This ensures that data streams up to the checkpoints are successfully received and acknowledged. In case of any failures, only the streams after the checkpoints have to be re-transmitted.

  PRESENTATION LAYER IN OSI  MODEL   The primary goal of this layer is to take care of the  syntax   and   semantics   of the information exchanged between two communicating systems. Presentation layer takes care that the data is sent in such a way that the receiver will understand the information(data) and will be able to use the data. Languages(syntax) can be different of the two communicating systems. Under this condition presentation layer plays a role translator. In order to make it possible for computers with different data representations to communicate, the data structures to be exchanged can be defined in an  abstract  way. The presentation layer manages these  abstract data structures  and allows higher-level data structures(eg: banking records), to be defined and exchanged. Functions of Presentation Layer Translation:  Before being transmitted, information in the form of characters and numbers should be changed to bit streams. The presentation layer is responsible for intero

COMPUTER NETWORK  HANDWRITTEN NOTES:                              👉  (IMP TOPICS )👈 WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORK ? CHARACTICS OF COMPUTER NETWORK ? WHAT IS USE OF COMPUTER NETWORK? COMPUTER NETWORK ARCHITECTURE  PEER-PEER NETWORK CLIENT NETWORKS OSI MODEL(ALL LAYER) APPLICATION LAYER TCP/IP PROTOCOL DOWNLOAD HANDWRITTEN NOTES : 👇👇👇👇👇 SHARE THIS BLOG 😊

WHAT IS APPLICATION LAYER :   WATCH VIDEO FOR DETAILED EXPLNATION : (PART-1) : WHAT IS APPLICATION LAYER AND FUNCTION OF APPLICATION LAYER   (PART :2 ) EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION LAYER AND TCP/IP PROTOCOLS : WHAT IS APPLICATION LAYER WHAT IS APPLICATION LAYER IN OSI MODEL WHAT IS APPLICATION LAYER IN TCP/IP PROTOCOLS      This is the highest layer of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) architecture. The application program's layer view is a user-oriented layer that offers the services to the end-user of a web. A message to be transmitted across the web introduces the OSI model and then traverses down into the physical layer. This is followed by sending a line up to the physical layer of destination and then upwards up to the receiver end system's application layers. It offers services that support customer applications, including database creation, messages, and document transfer. There are famous application layer protocols are X.400 (Electronic Mail Protocol), X.500 (Directory

  OSI 7 LAYER COMPUTER NETWORK     MODEL :    DETAIELD EXPLANATION IN VIDEO :   What Is the OSI Model The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model describes seven layers that computer systems use to communicate over a network. It was the first standard model for network communications, adopted by all major computer and telecommunication companies in the early 1980s The modern Internet is not based on OSI, but on the simpler TCP/IP model. However, the OSI 7-layer model is still widely used, as it helps visualize and communicate how networks operate, and helps isolate and troubleshoot networking problems. OSI was introduced in 1983 by representatives of the major computer and telecom companies, and was adopted by ISO as an international standard in 1984. OSI Model Explained: The OSI 7 Layers We’ll describe OSI layers “top down” from the application layer that directly serves the end user, down to the physical layer. 7. Application Layer The application layer is used by end-user software

  PYTHON TURTLE  LIBRARY       Programming With turtle Moving the Turtle Drawing a Shape Drawing Preset Figures Changing the Screen Color Changing the Screen Title Changing the Turtle Size Changing the Pen Size Changing the Turtle and Pen Color Filling in an Image Changing the Turtle Shape Changing the Pen Speed Customizing in One Line Picking the Pen Up and Down Undoing Changes Clearing the Screen Resetting the Environment Leaving a Stamp Cloning Your Turtle   In Python, you use   variables   to store information that you’ll use later on in your program. You   initialize   a variable when you assign a starting value to it. Since the value of the variable isn’t constant, it can change several times during the execution of your program. Now, to open the  turtle  screen, you initialize a variable for it in the following way: >>> >>> s = turtle . getscreen () You should see a separate window open up: This window is called the  screen . It’s where you can view the outp